ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <!-- saved from url=(0044)http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/index.asp? --> <HTML><!-- InstanceBegin template="/Templates/vp.dwt" codeOutsideHTMLIsLocked="false" --><HEAD> <!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="doctitle" --> <TITLE>Vigyan Prasar: Jigyasa</TITLE> <meta name="description" content="Aisa hi Hota Hai"> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> <META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <META content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0" name=GENERATOR> <meta name="description" content="VP Monthly News Letter"> <STYLE type=text/css> body { margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF; } table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"} </STYLE> <SCRIPT language=Javascript> function backward(){window.history.go(-1);} function Activate(){initialize=1} function deActivate(){initialize=0} </SCRIPT> <link href="vpstyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="head" --><!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </HEAD> <BODY leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0"> <table width="936" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="138"> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" height="103" width="936"><table width="100%" height="25" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td width="300" bgcolor="#D4D4D4""> <table width="300" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="25"> <tr> <td align=left background="images/btop.jpg" class="VerdanaMediumy" bgcolor="#000000">Vigyan Prasar Science Portal</td> </tr> </table></td> <td width="630" align="right" bgcolor="#D4D4D4" class="VerdanaMediumtop">For anything and everything on science from India</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td width="290" height="51" align="center" valign="top" class="heading"><table width="100%" height="51" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td width="51" align="left"><img src="images/vpanim.gif" width="51" border="0"></td> <td width="125" align="center" valign="bottom" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <img src="images/title.gif" border="0" width="113" height="42"></td> <td width="91" valign="bottom"><a href="index.asp" class="texthyperlinkmedium"><img src="images/home1.gif" alt="Home" width="27" height="22" border="0"></a></td> </tr> </table></td> <!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="EditRegion1" --> <td width="364" align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td><div align="center"> <br> <b><font size="4">Kahani Dharti Ki</font></b></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center">&nbsp;</div></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="310" valign="bottom" class="heading" align="right"> <br> &nbsp;</td> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> <!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="EditRegion2" --><tr> <td align="center" class="heading" bgcolor="#FFECC6" height="18" width="915">&nbsp;</td> <td align="right" class="heading" height="18" width="21"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" class="heading" bgcolor="#FFECC6" height="105" width="915"> <div align="center" style="width: 727; height: 281"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tt><font size="2" face="Verdana"> <br> </font></tt><span style="font-weight: 400"><font size="2">The year 2008 was declared as the year of Planet Earth. During this year various agencies all over the world were involved in preparing materials and undertaking campaigns to sensitize the threats and challenges faced by our mother earth. This 26 part video serial is an attempt to present various facets of Planet Earth in a lucid form for Indian audience.</font></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-weight: 400"><font size="2">Covering range of topics such as physical and geological aspects, ecosystems, human impact n environment, the serial presents succinctly our understanding of the world we live in as well as the various threats and challenges that besiege us. &nbsp;<br> <br> The topics and themes covered in the serial are:-</font></span>&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" width="748"> <tr> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Episode</span></b></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Topic</span></b></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 437; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Theme</span></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The Earth: </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Our Home Planet</span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 437; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Origins</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- From crust to core </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Formation of&nbsp; Oceans, </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp; Continents,&nbsp; Atmosphere </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Origins of Life</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere  definitions and their interdependence</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 80.5pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 80.5pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 80.5pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Life on Earth</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 437; height: 80.5pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Evolution of life on Earth began 4.2 billion years ago</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Evidence of&nbsp; algae&nbsp; producing making Earth s atmosphere oxygen rich 2.7 billion years ago</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- A brief description of evolution of life on Earth from pre-Cambrian to neogene period</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 40.0pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 40.0pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">3</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 40.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The World of Plants</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 437; height: 40.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Different species of flora in different geographical conditions : Tropical, high latitudes, mountainous, domesticated plants etc&nbsp; </span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 53.5pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 53.5pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">4</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 53.5pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The World of Animals</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 437; height: 53.5pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Different species of fauna in different geographical conditions : Tropical, high latitudes, mountainous etc&nbsp; </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Domesticated and wild animals</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 44.5pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 44.5pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">5</span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 44.5pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The Food Chain and Food Webs</span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 437; height: 44.5pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- The interdependence of animals and plants</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Photosynthesis and CO<sub>2 </sub>&nbsp;cycle</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Food Chain : how one organism depends on another for its energy requirements and existence</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Microbes and their importance</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Food chain imperative for equilibrium among the living species</span></td> </tr> </table> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" width="718"> <tr style="height: 16.6pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 16.6pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Episode</span></b></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 16.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Topic</span></b></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 407; height: 16.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Theme</span></b></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 63.4pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 63.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">6</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 63.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Forests: Himalayan Region, NE and Himachal, Vindhyas,&nbsp; Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka,&nbsp; Orissa, Saurashtra,&nbsp; and other regions </span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 407; height: 63.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- What are forests? </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- How these differ from each other</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Flora and Fauna</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Asiatic Lion, one- horned rhino, tiger </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Our vanishing wildlife </span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 103.0pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 103.0pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">7</span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 103.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Importance and Uses of Forests</span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 407; height: 103.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Importance of forests: socially, economically and ecologically</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Forests help in soil formation and prevent soil erosion</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Help in Carbon sequestering </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Maintain water table</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Shifting cultivation and their effects</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Medicinal plants</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">8</span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Human beings  The Dominant species</span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 407; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Humans and agriculture</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Human migration &amp; migration patterns</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- How human beings came to be the dominant species</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- How human beings can and do disturb the delicate ecological balance</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 76.0pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 76.0pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">9</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 76.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Soil and agricultural lands</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 407; height: 76.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Soil is the living skin of the Earth</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Interaction between soil, biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Soils are integral to climate, water cycle, waste and nutrient cycles and erosion</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Dominant soils of India</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 116.5pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 116.5pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">10</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 116.5pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Agriculture </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 407; height: 116.5pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Soil management: fertilizer, drainage, irrigation, pesticides</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Significance of Water</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Green Revolution: its success and failure </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Production, Storage and Distribution</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Water could become hazard or resource</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- We need  second Green revolution: How could it br made possible? </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">-&nbsp; GM varieties</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 1.25in"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 1.25in; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">11</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 1.25in; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">River Systems</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 407; height: 1.25in; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Major River Systems of India (Ganga, Yamuna, </span> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt">Brahmaputra</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">, Godavari</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt">, Cauveri)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- How major civilizations developed in the river valleys</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Over-extraction of water</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Dams and how they change ecology, cause displacement of people</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Pollution of rivers</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Ganga</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt">, Yamuna, Damodar, Periyar action plans</span></td> </tr> </table> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" width="720" height="1185"> <tr style="height: 16.6pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 20; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Episode</span></b></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 20; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Topic</span></b></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 20; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Theme</span></b></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 96.25pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 160; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">12</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 160; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Ground Water</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 160; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Ground water: How does it get into ground?</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Used for irrigation and drinking purposes</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">-&nbsp; Over-extraction and precariously falling water table</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- How ground water gets polluted, F an As contamination</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Recharging aquifers</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 130.0pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 315; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">13</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 315; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Our Coastlines</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 315; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- about 21 per cent of human population lives within 30 kms of coast line</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- coral reefs</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Western coastline (Arabian Sea) and Eastern Coast (Bay of Bengal)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Variety of Sea life</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Sea food / Fishing</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Shipping and trade</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Oil and natural gas (Bombay High)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Floods, Cyclones, Tsunami</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 82.75pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 160; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">14</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 160; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Mangroves</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 160; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- A delicate coastal ecosystem</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Can withstand higher salinity</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Rich in biodiversity</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- resist inflow of sea water during cyclones, tsunami</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Sundarbans, Tamilnadu coast</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 58.0pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 88; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">15</span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 88; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Islands: Threatened </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Ecosystems</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 88; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- An independent ecosystem</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Andaman and Nicobar Islands and its flora and fauna</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Laccadive Islands</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 116.05pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 232; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">16</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 232; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Wetlands</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 232; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Important for water conservation</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Rich in biodiversity, birds, reptiles, and vegetation</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- migratory birds </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Keoladeo, Nal Sarovar buzz with birds</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Fresh Water Lake systems: their importance</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;Ex. Dal, Loktak, Bara Pani</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Brackish Water lake system: Chilka and its unique ecosystem</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 94.0pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 196; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">17</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 196; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Mountains and Mountain Ranges</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 196; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Rich in biodiversity and natural resources</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Flora and fauna that adapts to higher altitudes</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Orography affects climatic pattern</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Sources of rivers</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- medicinal plants</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Himalayan Range,&nbsp; Western Ghats and&nbsp; Aravali range</span></td> </tr> </table> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" width="720"> <tr style="height: 12.1pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 12.1pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Episode</span></b></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 12.1pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Topic</span></b></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 12.1pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Theme</span></b></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 94.0pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 94.0pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">18</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 94.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Deserts </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 94.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Deserts Definition: How were they formed</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Well known deserts of the world (Sahara, Kalahari, Thar desert, Rann of Kachchh)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Desert (hot): Their ecology, vegetation, and animals. Camel  a hardy desert animal</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Desert (cold) Ex. Laddakh</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 67.45pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 67.45pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">19</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 67.45pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The Seas and the Continents</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 67.45pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Seas, Pangaea and formation of continents </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Tectonic Plates and their movements</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Tropics and high latitudes </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Formation of mountains</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Indian Plate and the formation of the Himalayas</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 94.0pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 94.0pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">20</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 94.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The Oceans  Water, water everywhere </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">& ..almost!</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 94.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Plate tectonics and the formation of various oceans</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- The four  main oceans with info on area, deepest point, weather and  claim to fame </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Ridges and margins</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Eruptions on the sea-floor and its importance to life</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- principal resources obtained constitute hydrocarbons (oil and gas) and hydrates</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 94.0pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 94.0pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">21</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 94.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Weather and Climate</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 94.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Wind cycle, sea and land breezes</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Water cycle and Rain</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Wettest and driest places (deserts)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Climate in Tropics and high latitudes</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">-&nbsp; Indian monsoon system</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Black current, gulf stream, El Nino and La Nina</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 76.45pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 76.45pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">22</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 76.45pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Natural Hazards</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 76.45pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Earthquakes as a result of plate tectonics</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Floods, cyclones, Tsunamis, Forest fires, Volcanoes and Land-slides</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Prediction of earthquakes and tsunamis difficult</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 116.05pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 116.05pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">23</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 116.05pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Environment and Health</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 409; height: 116.05pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Environmental causes of health problems</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Major diseases (malaria, TB etc)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Relation between rocks, minerals and human health</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Direct links between geology and health are provided by the food chain and inhalation of atmospheric dusts and gases</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Soils, sediments and water, F and As in water</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> </tr> </table> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" width="721" height="620"> <tr style="height: 12.1pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 17; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Episode</span></b></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 17; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Topic</span></b></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 410; height: 17; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Theme</span></b></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 58.9pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 122; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">24</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 122; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Energy Resources</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 410; height: 122; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Non-renewable energy resources (coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear fuels)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Renewable energy resources (solar energy, wood, hydro, biofuels etc)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 120.1pt"> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; height: 177; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">25</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; height: 177; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Global Warming and Climate Change</span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 410; height: 177; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Climate change on geological time scales</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Development through industrialization powered by fossil fuel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Global warming a result of burning of fossil fuel and increase in GHGs</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Melting of Arctic</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt"> / Antarctic ice, melting glaciers</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Rise in sea levels, change in climatic pattern</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="width: 67; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in" height="296"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">26</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;</td> <td valign="top" style="width: 198; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in" height="296"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Tomorrow s Challenges</span></td> <td valign="top" style="width: 410; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in" height="296"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Megacities and pressure on resources (food, water, clothing, energy, housing, transport, sanitation, health etc)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Conservation of natural resources</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">-&nbsp; Reduction of Greenhouse gases </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- development of renewable sources of energy: solar energy, ethanol, bio-fuels etc. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- Remote Sensing for natural resources management (forest cover, mineral resources, agriculture, water bodies, pollution), and monitoring weather </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- People s science movements for conservation of resources</span></td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</div></td> <td align="right" class="heading" height="105" width="21">&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" class="VerdanaMedium" bgcolor="#FCCE54" height="1" width="915"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana"><font size="2"><br> &nbsp;</font></span></p> </td> <td align="right" class="VerdanaMedium" height="1" width="21"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="leftr" class="VerdanaMedium" colspan="2" height="32" width="936"><A href="javascript:window.history.go(-1)"> <IMG src="images/backnew.gif" border=0 width="81" height="30"></A>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </table> </BODY><!-- InstanceEnd --></HTML>